Imashini zihindura amashanyarazi zikoresha ingufu nyinshi bivuze ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu kuzimya, kugenzura cyangwa kurinda ingufu, kohereza, gukwirakwiza, guhindura no gukoresha ingufu. Urugero rw'amashanyarazi ruri hagati ya 3.6kV na 550kV. Igizwe ahanini n'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi bifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe n'isukura ry'amashanyarazi menshi. Imashini zihindura amashanyarazi n'izihindura ubutaka, izihindura amashanyarazi zifite ingufu nyinshi, ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi byikora kandi bigatandukanya amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi bufite ingufu nyinshi, ibikoresho bikwirakwiza amashanyarazi bidaturika, n'amabati ahindura amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi. Inganda zikora ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi ni igice cy'ingenzi mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi kandi zifite umwanya ukomeye cyane mu nganda zose z'amashanyarazi. Imikorere: Imashini zihindura amashanyarazi zifite ingufu nyinshi zifite imirimo nk'insinga zinjira n'izisohoka hejuru, insinga zinjira n'izisohoka mu nsinga, n'imiyoboro ya bisi.
Ikoreshwa: Ikwiriye cyane cyane ahantu hatandukanye nko mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, mu nganda ziciriritse, mu nganda ziciriritse, mu nganda zitunganya peteroli, mu nganda zikora ibyuma bicukura, mu nganda n'ibigo by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no mu midugudu yo guturamo, mu nyubako ndende, nibindi. Imiterere: Imashini zihindura amashanyarazi zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa n'amahame ya "AC metal-enclosed switchgear". Igizwe n'akabati n'icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi. Akabati kagizwe n'icyuma gikingira amashanyarazi, ibice by'amashanyarazi (harimo n'ibikingira amashanyarazi), uburyo butandukanye, ibyuma bya kabiri n'ibindi bice.
Ubwunganizi butanu:
1. Irinde gufunga igihe umutwaro uremereye: Nyuma yuko agasanduku k'icyuma gifunga amashanyarazi kari mu kabati k'amashanyarazi gafite ingufu nyinshi gafunzwe aho igeragezwa ribera, agasanduku k'icyuma gifunga amashanyarazi ntigashobora kwinjira aho gakorera.
2. Irinde gufunga ukoresheje insinga yo gufunga: Iyo icyuma cyo gufunga kiri mu kabati gafite ingufu nyinshi kiri mu mwanya ufunze, icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi ntigishobora gufungwa.
3. Irinde ko byinjira mu gihe cy’impanuka: Iyo akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi gafunga, urugi rw’inyuma rw’agasanduku gafunga imashini ku cyuma gitera hasi n’urugi rw’akabati.
4. Irinde ko icyuma gihagarika umwuka gitangira gukora: Akamashini gakoresha umwuka gafunga icyuma gikoresha umuriro mwinshi kaba gafunze iyo karimo gukora, kandi icyuma gihagarika umwuka ntigishobora gushyirwamo.
5. Kurinda switch itwara imizigo: icyuma gifunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kiri muri switchgear ifite voltage nyinshi ntigishobora kuva aho gikorera cy'icyuma gifunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi iyo kiri gukora.
Imiterere n'imiterere
Igizwe ahanini n'akabati, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ufite ingufu nyinshi, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, troli, icyuma gicana hasi n'uburinzi buhagije. Urugero rukurikira ni urugero rw'icyuma gicana umuriro mwinshi, kugira ngo tukwereke imiterere y'imbere irambuye.
A: Icyumba cya bisi
B: (icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi) icyumba cy'igare rikururwa n'amaboko
C: Icyumba cy'insinga
D: Icyumba cy'ibikoresho byo kohereza ibikoresho
1. Igikoresho cyorohereza umuvuduko
2. Igikonoshwa
3. Bisi y'ishami
4. Gutwara bisi
5. Bisi nini
6. Igikoresho cyo gukoraho kidahindagurika
7. Agasanduku k'itumanaho kadahinduka
8. Transformateur y'amashanyarazi
9. Gucana hasi
10. Insinga
11. Kwirinda
12. Kanda bisi yo hasi
13. Igice gishobora gukurwaho
14. Gutandukanya (umutego)
15. Iplagi ya kabiri
16. Akagare gakoresha amashanyarazi
17. Igikoresho cyo gushyushya ubushuhe
18. Igice gishobora gukurwaho
19. Uburyo bwo gukoresha icyuma gitera umuyaga
20. Genzura aho insinga zishyirwa
21. Isahani yo hasi
①Akabati
Ikozwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma bikanda kandi ni imiterere ifunze, ifite icyumba cy'ibikoresho, icyumba cy'imodoka, icyumba cy'insinga, icyumba cy'imodoka, nibindi, bitandukanyijwe n'ibyuma, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1. Icyumba cy'ibikoresho gifite ibikoresho birinda, ammeter, voltmeter n'ibindi bikoresho; icyumba cy'imodoka gifite trolleys na vacuum circuit breakers zifite voltage nyinshi; icyumba cy'imodoka gifite trolleys zifite phase eshatu; icyumba cy'imodoka gikoreshwa mu guhuza insinga z'amashanyarazi n'inyuma.
②Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukoresha amashanyarazi menshi
Icyo bita "high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker" ni ugushyira "contacts" zayo nyamukuru mu cyumba gifunze cy'ubushyuhe. Iyo "contacts" zifunguye cyangwa zizimye, "arc" nta gutwika gushyigikiwe na gazi, bitazashya kandi biraramba. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe bikoreshwa nk'ishingiro ryo kunoza "vacuum turn". Byitwa "high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker" kubera imikorere yayo yo gukingira ubushyuhe.
③Imikorere y'imodoka
Shyiraho akamashini gakoresha umwuka ushyushye ku igare hanyuma ujyane n'ikamyo. Iyo umugozi uhujwe n'isaha, ikamyo yinjira mu kabati hanyuma ishyira akamashini gakoresha umwuka ushyushye mu igare rikoresha umwuka ushyushye; iyo akamashini gahujwe n'isaha ihujwe, ikamyo isohoka mu kabati igatwara akamashini gakoresha umwuka ushyushye. Kuraho akamashini gakoresha umwuka ushyushye, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2.
④ Ikigo gishinzwe kubika ingufu
Moteri nto itwara isoko kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu kubika ingufu, kandi agakoresho ko guhagarika amashanyarazi gafunga hakoreshejwe isoko kugira ngo gakuremo ingufu za kinetic.
⑤Imashini yo gukata icyuma hasi
Ni icyuma gifunga icyuma gikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Urugi rw'icyuma gifunga icyuma gifunga icyuma gifunga icyuma gusa. Bitabaye ibyo, urugi rw'icyuma gifunga icyuma gifunga icyuma rudafunga icyuma, ibyo bikaba bigira uruhare mu kurinda umutekano w'icyuma gifunga icyuma.
⑥Urinda burambuye
Ni uburinzi bwa mudasobwa nto bugizwe na microprocessor, ecran yo kwerekana, imfunguzo n'imirongo yo ku ruhande. Ikoreshwa mu gusimbuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ya mbere, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi arenze urugero, igihe n'izindi miyoboro yo kurinda imiyoboro. Ikimenyetso cyo kwinjira: transformer y'amashanyarazi, transformer y'amashanyarazi, transformer y'amashanyarazi ikurikiranye zero, agaciro k'ihinduranya n'izindi bimenyetso; clavier ishobora gukoreshwa mu gushyiraho agaciro k'amashanyarazi, agaciro k'amashanyarazi, igihe cyo guhagarara vuba, igihe cyo gutangira n'andi makuru; ecran yo kwerekana ishobora kwerekana amakuru mu gihe nyacyo no kugira uruhare mu kugenzura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byo kurinda.
Gushyira mu byiciro
(1) Dukurikije imiterere y'insinga nyamukuru y'akabati k'imashini, gashobora kugabanywamo akabati k'imashini zihindura insinga z'ikiraro, akabati k'imashini zihindura bisi imwe, akabati k'imashini zihindura bisi ebyiri, akabati k'imashini zihindura bisi imwe, akabati k'imashini zihindura bisi ebyiri hamwe n'akabati k'imashini zihindura bisi imwe.
(2) Dukurikije uburyo bwo gushyiraho icyuma gihagarika uruziga, gishobora kugabanywamo akabati gafite umugozi uhoraho n'akabati gashobora gukurwaho (ubwoko bw'agakapu gakoresha amaboko).
(3) Dukurikije imiterere y'akabati, gashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byo gukinga by'icyuma, ibikoresho byo gukinga by'icyuma, n'ibikoresho byo gukinga by'icyuma bifatanye n'agasanduku.
(4) Dukurikije aho akagare gakoresha amashanyarazi gashyirwa, gashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bisimburana hasi n'ibyuma bisimburana hagati.
(5) Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukingira imbere muri switchgear, ishobora kugabanywamo switchgear ikingira umwuka n'iy'ingufu ya SF6 ikingira umwuka.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki
1. Voltage ipima, amashanyarazi afite agaciro, frequency ipima, frequency ipima imbaraga ipima, voltage ipima amashanyarazi ahangana n'umurabyo;
2. Akamashini gatanga umurongo w'amashanyarazi gafite umuvuduko uciriritse wo gucika, umuvuduko ufunga neza, umuvuduko uhagarara igihe gito, n'umuvuduko uhagarara neza;
3. Umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhagaze mu gihe gito n'umubare w'amashanyarazi uhagaze mu gihe cyo hasi;
4 Uburyo bwo gukora: Voltage yo gufungura no gufunga, DC, ingufu, Voltage yo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'imbaraga za moteri yo kubika ingufu;
5. Urwego rw'uburinzi bw'inama y'abaminisitiri n'umubare ngenderwaho w'igihugu byujuje ibisabwa.
Uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi
1. Funga inzugi zose z'inyuma n'igipfundikizo cy'inyuma, hanyuma uzifunge. Iyo icyuma gifunga urugomero kiri mu mwanya ufunze, ni bwo urugi rw'inyuma rushobora gufungwa gusa
2. Shyiramo umugozi w'icyuma gicana mu mwobo ufite impande esheshatu uri hepfo iburyo bw'umuryango wo hagati, hanyuma uwuhindukize mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha kugira ngo ufungure. Isahani ifatanye iri ku mwobo wo gukoraho izahita yisubira inyuma kugira ngo ipfuke umwobo wo gukoraho, kandi urugi rwo hepfo rw'akabati ruzafungwa.
3. Sunika igare rishinzwe akazi kugira ngo urishyire mu mwanya waryo, sunika igare mu kabati kugira ngo urishyire mu mwanya waryo wonyine, shyiramo agakoresho k'inyongera n'intoki, hanyuma ufunge umuryango w'aho igare rikorera.
4. Shyiramo umugozi w'ikigare cy'amaboko gicana uruziga mu mwobo w'ikigare, hanyuma uhindukize umugozi mu buryo bw'isaha mu gihe cy'amasaha agera kuri 20. Kuramo umugozi iyo umugozi ugaragara ko ufunze kandi hari urusaku rw'ikanda. Muri iki gihe, ikigare cy'amaboko kiba kiri mu mwanya wo gukora, kandi umugozi ushyirwamo kabiri. Urafunze, umurongo mukuru w'ikigare cy'amaboko gicana uruziga urahujwe, kandi ibimenyetso bireba biragenzurwa.
5. Igikorwa ni ugufunga ku kibaho cya metero, kandi switch yo kuzimya ituma circuit breaker ifunga kandi yohereza ingufu. Muri icyo gihe, itara ry'icyatsi kibisi riri kuri dashboard rirazimye kandi itara ritukura rirazimye, kandi gufunga biragenda neza.
Uburyo bwo gukora ikosa ry'amashanyarazi
1. Koresha agace k'ibikoresho kugira ngo gafunge, hanyuma agace ko gufungura gatuma agace kagabanya amashanyarazi mu mwanya wo gufungura no mu gisenge, icyarimwe itara ritukura ku gace k'ibikoresho rizimye n'itara ry'icyatsi kibisi rizimye, ifungura rigahita rikora neza.
2. Shyiramo umugozi w'ikigare cy'amaboko gicamo amashanyarazi mu mwobo w'ikigare, hanyuma uhindukize umugozi mu buryo bw'isaha mu gihe cy'amasaha agera kuri 20. Kuramo umugozi iyo umugozi ugaragara ko ufunze kandi hari urusaku rw'akantu gakanda. Muri iki gihe, ikigare cy'amaboko kiri mu mwanya wo kugerageza. Kingura, fungura umuryango w'icyumba cy'ikigare cy'amaboko, kuraho icyuma cya kabiri gifunga n'intoki, hanyuma uvaneho umugozi mukuru w'ikigare cy'amaboko.
3. Suka igare ry'akazi kugira ngo urifunge, shyiramo igare ry'akazi kuri gare ry'akazi, hanyuma utware igare ry'akazi.
4. Reba ecran irimo umuriro cyangwa urebe niba idashyushye mbere yo gukomeza gukora.
5. Shyiramo umugozi w'icyuma gicana hasi mu mwobo ufite impande esheshatu uri hepfo iburyo bw'umuryango wo hagati, hanyuma uwuhindukize ukurikije icyerekezo cy'isaha kugira ngo uhindure icyuma gicana hasi mu mwanya ufunze. Nyuma yo kwemeza ko icyuma gicana hasi gifunze koko, fungura umuryango w'akabati maze abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bashobora kwinjira mu gikoresho cyo kubungabunga. Guhindura.
Gusuzuma no gukemura ikibazo cyo gufunga Gufunga bishobora kugabanywamo amakosa y'amashanyarazi n'aya tekiniki. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'uburyo bwo gufunga: intoki n'amashanyarazi. Kunanirwa gufunga intoki muri rusange ni ukunanirwa kwa tekiniki. Gufunga intoki bishobora gukorwa, ariko gutsindwa kwa tekiniki ni ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi.
1. Igikorwa cyo kurinda
Mbere yuko switch itangira gukoreshwa, circuit ifite circuit yo kurinda amakosa kugira ngo ikore imikorere yo kurwanya trip relay. Switch ihita ikora nyuma yo gufunga. Nubwo switch yaba ikiri mu mwanya wayo, switch ntizongera gufungwa kandi ntizahora ihagarara.
2. Kunanirwa k'uburinzi
Ubu akazi ko gukumira ka gatanu gashyizwe mu kabati ka voltage nyinshi, kandi birakenewe ko switch idashobora gufungwa iyo itari mu mwanya wo gukora cyangwa aho igeragezwa ribera. Ni ukuvuga ko, niba switch idafite aho iherereye idafunze, moteri ntishobora gufungwa. Ubwoko bw'ikosa bukunze kugaragara mu gihe cyo gufunga. Muri iki gihe, itara rikoresha aho rikorera cyangwa itara rikoresha aho igeragezwa ritacana. Hindura agasanduku gato kugira ngo ufunge switch idafite aho igarukira kugira ngo wohereze ingufu. Niba intera iri hagati y'aho switch idafite aho igarukira ari nini cyane, igomba guhindurwa. Iyo switch idafite aho ihagaze mu kabati ka voltage nyinshi ko mu bwoko bwa JYN idashobora kwimurwa hanze, igice gifite ishusho ya V gishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo hizerwe ko switch idafite aho igarukira ifunga neza.
3. Ibura ry'amashanyarazi ryangiritse
Muri sisitemu ifite ingufu nyinshi, hari imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ishyirwamo kugira ngo sisitemu ikore neza. Urugero, muri sisitemu y'igice cya bisi imwe ifite imiyoboro ibiri y'amashanyarazi yinjira, bisaba ko imiyoboro ibiri gusa muri itatu, akabati k'umurongo w'amashanyarazi yinjira n'akabati k'umurongo w'amashanyarazi yinjira, bishobora guhuzwa. Iyo byose uko ari bitatu bifunze, hazabaho ibyago byo kohereza ingufu inyuma. Kandi ibipimo bya "short-circuit" birahinduka, kandi "short-circuit" ikora irazamuka. Imiterere ya "chain circuit" igaragara ku Ishusho ya 4. "File increase circuit" ihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye n'aho isanzwe ifunze mu kabati k'umurongo w'amashanyarazi yinjira, kandi "filled cabinet" ishobora gufungwa iyo "bus component cabinet" ifunguye.
Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ruhuza amashami y'akabati k'amabasi ruhuzwa icyarimwe n'urundi rusanzwe rufunguye n'urundi rusanzwe rufunga by'amabasi abiri yinjiye. Muri ubu buryo, bishobora kwemeza ko akabati k'amabasi gahuza amashanyarazi gashobora kohereza ingufu gusa iyo kamwe mu tubati tubiri twinjiye gafunze akandi gafunguye. Iyo akabati k'amashanyarazi gafite ingufu nyinshi kadashobora gufungwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, banza utekereze niba hari aho amashanyarazi ahurira, kandi ntushobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga intoki. Gucika intege kw'amashanyarazi muri rusange ntibikora neza kandi ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gufunga. Urugero, nubwo bisi yinjiye ifunguye ari imwe n'indi ifunga, akagare k'amaboko kari mu kabati k'amabasi yinjiye karakurwamo kandi plagi ntirafungwa. Iyo uruziga rw'amashanyarazi runaniwe, ushobora gukoresha multimeter kugira ngo urebe aho ikibazo kiri.
Gukoresha amatara atukura n'icyatsi kibisi kugira ngo umenye niba hari ikibazo cy'ingufu z'inyongera mu gupima impanuka ni ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye, ariko ntabwo byizewe cyane. Bishobora kugenzurwa no kwemezwa hakoreshejwe multimeter. Uburyo bwo kuvugurura inyongera ni uguhindura inguni y'urukiramende rudahinduka no guhindura uburebure bw'inkoni ihuza inyongera.
4. Ikosa ry'urukiramende rufunguye ku rukiramende rugenzura
Mu murongo ugenzura, switch igenzura irangirika, uruziga ruracika, nibindi, ku buryo coil ifunga idashobora gukoreshwa. Muri iki gihe, nta rusaku rw'imikorere ya coil ifunga. Nta voltage iri kuri coil ipima. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ni ukureba aho uruziga rufunguye ukoresheje multimeter.
5. Kunanirwa kw'uruziga rwo gufunga
Gutwika coil ifunga ni ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi make. Muri iki gihe, impumuro idasanzwe, umwotsi, fuse ngufi, nibindi bibaho. Coil ifunga yagenewe akazi k’igihe gito, kandi igihe gitanga imbaraga ntigishobora kuba kirekire cyane. Nyuma yo gufunga nabi, impamvu igomba kuboneka mu gihe, kandi feri y’imvange ntigomba gusubizwa inyuma inshuro nyinshi. Cyane cyane coil ifunga ya CD electromagnetic operating mechanism yoroshye gushya bitewe n’umuyoboro munini w’amashanyarazi unyuramo.
Uburyo bwo gupima amashanyarazi bukunze gukoreshwa mu gusana ikibazo cy’aho akabati k’amashanyarazi gakomeye kadashobora gufungwa. Ubu buryo bushobora gukuraho amakosa yo ku murongo (usibye amakosa y’ubushyuhe bwa transformer na gaze), amakosa y’amashanyarazi aturuka, no kugabanya amakosa yo gusimbuza. Aho ikibazo giherereye hashobora kumenyekana mu igare ry’amaboko. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bwihutirwa, ushobora gukoresha aho igeragezwa ribera kugira ngo upime uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi, kandi usimbuze uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi bw’igare ry’amaboko rihagaze kugira ngo ritunganywe. Ibi bishobora kubona umusaruro ukubye kabiri kimwe cya kabiri cy’imbaraga kandi bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kubura amashanyarazi.
