Switchgear ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, inyuma ya switchgear ibanza kwinjira mu cyuma gikuru cyo kugenzura mu kabati, hanyuma ikinjira mu cyuma gisanzwe cyo kugenzura, kandi buri cyuma gishyirwamo bitewe n'ibyo gikeneye.
Nk'ibikoresho, uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora, switch ya moteri, ubwoko bwose bwa contactors za AC, zimwe na zimwe zishyirwaho icyumba cy'umuvuduko mwinshi n'akabati k'icyumba cy'umuvuduko muto, hamwe na bisi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, nk'inganda z'amashanyarazi, zimwe na zimwe zishyirwaho kugira ngo zirinde ibikoresho by'ingenzi kugabanya umutwaro muke mu cyumweru.
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'akabati k'amashanyarazi ni ugufungura no gufunga, kugenzura no kurinda ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gutanga amashanyarazi, kohereza, gukwirakwiza no guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Ibice biri mu kabati k'imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi birimo cyane cyane icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi, icyuma gikuraho amashanyarazi, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi kimwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurinda.
Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira mu byiciro switchgear, nko gushyiraho circuit breaker bishobora kugabanywamo switchgear yimuka n'switchgear idahinduka;
Cyangwa hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye y'akabati, gashobora kugabanywamo akabati k'ibikoresho bifunguye, akabati k'ibikoresho bifunguye by'icyuma, n'akabati k'ibikoresho bifunguye by'icyuma;
Dukurikije urwego rw'amashanyarazi atandukanye, switchgear ishobora kugabanywamo switchgear ifite voltage nyinshi, switchgear ifite voltage iciriritse n'switchgear ifite voltage nke.
Bikoreshwa cyane cyane ku nganda z'amashanyarazi, sitasiyo nto, peteroli, ibyuma bicukurwa mu byuma, imyenda yoroheje, inganda n'ibigo by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ahantu ho gutura, inyubako ndende n'ahandi hatandukanye.
A. "Uburinzi butanu" bw'ibikoresho byo gusimbuza umuriro mwinshi
1. Nyuma y'uko agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gafunga aho kapimirwa, agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gashobora kwinjira aho gakorera. (Irinde ko gafunga n'umutwaro)
2. Iyo icyuma cyo gufunga mu kabati gafite ingufu nyinshi kiri mu mwanya wacyo, icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi mu modoka ntigishobora kwinjira no gufunga. (Kumira insinga yo gufunga)
3. Iyo akamashini gafunga amashanyarazi mu kabati gafite ingufu nyinshi karimo gukora ku gufunga, urugi rw'inyuma rw'akabati rufunze imashini iri ku cyuma gitera hasi. (Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi atagenda).
4. Akamashini gahagarika amashanyarazi mu kabati gakoresha ingufu nyinshi karafunga mu gihe cyo gukora, kandi icyuma cyo gufunga ntigishobora gushyirwamo. (Irinde ko insinga yo gufunga ikamanikwa iyo ikora)
5. Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi gakoresha amashanyarazi menshi mu kabati gatanga umuriro mwinshi ntigashobora kuva aho kakorera mu kamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe karimo gukora. (Irinde gukurura feri hamwe n'umutwaro)
B. Gushyira mu byiciro
Ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe icyiciro cy'amashanyarazi
Dukurikije uburyo ingufu zishyirwa mu byiciro, AC1000V n'iziri munsi yayo zikunze kwitwa switchgear ifite voltage nkeya (nka PGL, GGD, GCK, GBD, MNS, nibindi), naho AC1000V n'iziri hejuru yayo zitwa switchgear ifite voltage nyinshi (nka GG-1A, XGN15, KYN48, nibindi). Hari igihe voltage iri mu kabati ka voltage nyinshi ari AC10kV yitwa kabati ka voltage iciriritse (nka kabati ka XGN15 10kV ring network).
C. Bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi
Igabanyijemo: Akabati k'imashini zihindura amashanyarazi (AC), akabati k'imashini zihindura amashanyarazi (DC).
D. Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y'imbere
Imashini yo gukurura (nka GCS, GCK, MNS, nibindi), imashini yo gukurura idahinduka (nka GGD, nibindi)
E. Binyuze mu gukoresha
Akabati k'umurongo winjira, akabati k'umurongo usohoka, akabati ko gupima, akabati k'ubwishingizi (akabati k'imashini zitwara imizigo), akabati k'imfuruka, akabati k'amabisi.
Uburyo bwo gukora
A. Uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu
1. Banza ushyireho icyapa cyo gufunga inyuma, hanyuma ufunge umuryango w'imbere.
2. Koresha umugozi wo gufunga icyuma gifunga ubutaka hanyuma uwufungure.
3. Sunika imodoka y'intoki (muri feri ifunguye) mu kabati (aho igeragezwa) hamwe n'imodoka yo kohereza (imodoka yo kuri platform).
4. Shyiramo plagi ya kabiri mu gice cy'imashini gikoresha amashanyarazi (ikimenyetso cy'aho igeragezwa riri kirakora), funga urugi rwo hagati rw'imbere.
5. Sunika akagare k'amaboko ukava aho ikizamini giherereye (aho gifunguye) ukajya aho ikizamini gikorera ukoresheje umugozi (ikimenyetso cy'aho ikizamini gikorera kirafunguye, ikimenyetso cy'aho ikizamini gifunguye).
6. Imodoka ifunga icyuma gifunga uruziga.
B. Uburyo bwo kunanirwa k'amashanyarazi (gusana)
1 Fungura akamodoka gakoresha amashanyarazi.
Sohoka imodoka ikoreshwa mu ntoki uvuye aho ikorera (aho feri ifunguye) ugere aho igeragezwa ukoresheje umugozi.
3 (ikimenyetso cy'aho ukorera kirazimye, ikimenyetso cy'aho ukorera kirazimye).
4 Fungura urugi rwo hagati rw'imbere.
5 Kura plagi ya kabiri mu gice cy’imashini gihagarara (ikimenyetso cy’aho igerageza riherereye kirazimye).
6. Sohoka imodoka ikoreshwa mu ntoki (ifunguye) uvuye mu kabati hamwe n'imodoka yo kohereza imodoka.
7. Koresha umugozi wo gusimbuza icyuma gifunganye hanyuma uwushyire hafi.
8. Fungura isahani yo gufunga inyuma n'umuryango wo hepfo w'imbere.
Gukurikirana no kurinda umutekano
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi butandukanye bwo gupima amasoko y'urumuri, imiterere y'imbere mu gice cy'urumuri iramenyekana.
Muri uru rwego, sensor ya fibre optique hamwe n'igikoresho cyo gupima no kurinda amakosa y'imbere mu buryo buhendutse kandi bufatika, byakozwe hakoreshejwe itegeko rimwe ry'icyitegererezo cya arc.
Iyi mashini ifite ibyiza byo kuba ifite imiterere yoroshye, ihendutse, ikora vuba kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi.
Ntabwo ishobora gukoreshwa yonyine gusa, ahubwo ishobora no guhuzwa n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurinda relay, kugira ngo ikiguzi cy'akabati k'imashini kidakongerwa, urwego rwa tekiniki n'agaciro kongerwaho birusheho kwiyongera.
