Imashini igabanya umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi menshi (cyangwa switch ifite amashanyarazi menshi) ni yo ikoresha ingufu z’ibanze za sitasiyo, ifite imiterere yo kuzimya umugozi, iyo sisitemu ikora neza, ishobora guca no kunyura mu murongo n’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’amashanyarazi bidafite umuvuduko n’umuzigo; Iyo ikibazo kibaye muri sisitemu, yo n’uburinzi bwo kohereza, bishobora guca vuba umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, kugira ngo hirindwe kwaguka kw’impanuka.
Iyi switch yo gukuraho umuriro nta gikoresho kiyihuza n'amashanyarazi. Nubwo amabwiriza avuga ko ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe umuvuduko w'umuzigo uri munsi ya 5A, muri rusange ntabwo ikoreshwa n'umuzigo. Ariko, iyi switch yo gukuraho umuriro ifite imiterere yoroshye, kandi imikorere yayo igaragara neza urebye uko imeze. Hari aho ihagarara mu gihe cyo kuyisana.
Imashini igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa yitwa "switch", imashini igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa yitwa "brake y'icyuma", byombi bikunze gukoreshwa icyarimwe. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'imashini igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi menshi n'imashini igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ni iri rikurikira:
1) Imashini ikoresha ingufu nyinshi ishobora gucika bitewe n'umutwaro, hamwe n'imikorere y'umurambararo wizimya ubwayo, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo gucika ni buke cyane kandi ni buke.
2) Guhagarika umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi menshi muri rusange ntabwo bigabanya umutwaro, nta gipfukisho cy'umugozi gihari, hari kandi n'imashini ishobora guhagarika umutwaro w'amashanyarazi menshi, ariko imiterere yayo itandukanye n'imashini ihagarika umutwaro, byoroshye cyane.
3) Guhindura umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi menshi n'ugukuraho umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi menshi bishobora gutuma habaho aho bicika. Ibyuma byinshi bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi menshi ntibigira imikorere yo kwitandukanya, naho bimwe na bimwe bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi menshi bifite imikorere yo kwitandukanya.
4) Imashini igabanya umuriro mwinshi ntabwo ifite akazi ko kurinda, uburinzi bw'imashini ikoresha umuriro mwinshi muri rusange ni uburinzi bwa fuse, gusa gucika vuba no kurenga umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.
5) Ubushobozi bwo gucika kw'ibyuma bigabanya umuriro w'amashanyarazi menshi bushobora kuba bwinshi cyane mu ikorwa ryabyo. Hitamo cyane cyane transformateur irimo ibikoresho bya kabiri kugira ngo irinde. Ishobora kurinda umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu buryo bugufi, kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi, kurinda amazi gusohoka n'ibindi bikorwa.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'uburyo bwo gukoresha switch
1. Gushyira mu byiciro uburyo bwo gukoresha switch
Ubu duhura n'ikibazo cy'ingufu muri rusange zigizwe n'amavuta menshi (ubwoko bwa kera, ubu hafi ya bwose butagaragara), amavuta make (hari aho abakoresha bagikoresha), SF6, vacuum, GIS (ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bivanze) n'ubundi bwoko. Ibi byose ni ibijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukurura ingufu. Kuri twe, uburyo bwa kabiri, bufitanye isano rya hafi ni uburyo bwo gukora ingufu.
Ubwoko bw'imikorere bushobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo gukora bwa elegitoroniki (bushaje, muri rusange mu mavuta cyangwa make, icyuma gikoresha amavuta kiba gifite ibi); Uburyo bwo gukora bwa Spring (ubu ni bwo busanzwe, SF6, vacuum, GIS muri rusange bufite ubu buryo); ABB iherutse gushyiraho ubwoko bushya bwa magnet operator ihoraho (nk'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi cya VM1).
2. Uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi
Uburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi bushingiye ku gukurura amashanyarazi bukorwa n'umuyoboro ufunga unyura mu gice cyo gufunga kugira ngo ufunge kandi ukandagire impera y'urugendo. Urugendo rushingiye ahanini ku mpera y'urugendo kugira ngo itange ingufu.
Bityo rero, ubu bwoko bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni muto, ariko umuyoboro ufunga ni munini cyane, ushobora kugera kuri amperes zirenga 100.
Niyo mpamvu sisitemu ya dc ya sitasiyo igomba gufungura no gufunga bisi kugira ngo igenzure bisi. Ifunze itanga ingufu zo gufunga, naho ifunze itanga ingufu ku murongo w'igenzura.
Bisi ifunga ishyirwa ku gipfunyika cya bateri, voltage yo gufunga ni voltage ya bateri (muri rusange hafi 240V), ikoreshwa ry'ingaruka zo gusohora bateri kugira ngo itange umuriro munini mu gihe cyo gufunga, kandi voltage iba ikomeye cyane mu gihe cyo gufunga. Kandi bisi igenzura inyura mu mugozi wa silikoni imanuka kandi ihujwe hamwe (muri rusange igenzurwa kuri 220V), gufunga ntibizagira ingaruka ku buryo voltage ya bisi igenzura ihagaze. Kubera ko umuriro wo gufunga w'uburyo bw'imikorere bwa electromagnetic ari munini cyane, uruziga rwo gufunga rurinda ntirunyura mu mugozi wo gufunga, ahubwo runyura mu cyuma gifunga. Uruziga rwo gufunga ruhujwe neza na ruziga rwo gufunga.
Koili ya contactor ifunga muri rusange iba ifite imiterere ya voltage, agaciro ka resistance ni kanini (K nkeya). Iyo uburinzi buhujwe n'iyi circuit, hakwiye kwitabwaho gufunga kugira ngo hakomeze gutangira muri rusange. Ariko iki si ikibazo, urugendo rukomeza ko TBJ ishobora gutangira muri rusange, bityo imikorere yo kurwanya gusimbuka iracyahari. Ubu bwoko bw'imikorere bufite igihe kirekire cyo gufunga (120ms ~ 200ms) n'igihe gito cyo gufungura (60 ~ 80ms).
3. Uburyo bwo gukora mu mpeshyi
Ubu bwoko bw'imikorere ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe, gufunga no gufungura kwayo bishingiye ku isoko kugira ngo bitange ingufu, uruziga rufunga rutanga ingufu zo gukurura agapira ko gushyiramo impera, bityo umuvuduko wo gufunga uvamo impera muri rusange ntabwo ari munini. Ububiko bw'ingufu z'impera bushyirwamo moteri ibubika.
Umuyoboro w'inyongera w'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu mu mpeshyi
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukora bukoresha amashanyarazi, bisi ifunga itanga ingufu muri moteri itwara ingufu, kandi umuriro ntabwo ari munini, bityo nta tandukaniro rinini riri hagati ya bisi ifunga na bisi igenzura. Uburinzi bushingiye ku mikoranire yayo, muri rusange nta mpamvu yihariye yo kwita ku hantu.
4. Umukoresha magneti uhoraho
Imashini ikoresha magneti ihoraho ni uburyo bukoreshwa na ABB ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu, bwa mbere bukoreshwa kuri VM1 10kV vacuum circuit breaker yayo.
Ihame ryayo risa hafi n'ubwoko bwa electromagnetic, umugozi uyobora ukozwe mu bikoresho bya magnetism bihoraho, magnetism ihoraho ikikije coil ya electromagnetic.
Mu bihe bisanzwe, coil ya electromagnetic ntabwo ishyushwa, iyo switch ifunguye cyangwa ifunze, ihindura polarity ya coil hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa rukuruzi cyangwa repulsion, ifungura cyangwa ifunga.
Nubwo uyu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi atari muto, switch "ibikwa" na capacitor nini, isohoka kugira ngo itange umuyoboro munini mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa.
Ibyiza by'ubu buryo ni ingano nto, ibice bike bya mekanike yo kohereza, bityo ubwizerwe ni bwiza kuruta uburyo bwo gukoresha ibyuma birenduka.
Ku bufatanye n'igikoresho cyacu cyo kurinda, umuyoboro wacu wo gutemba uyobora icyuma gifata imbaraga zo mu kirere gisaba ko gitera imbaraga zo gukora.
Bityo rero, switch, komeza umuzunguruko nta gushidikanya ko ishobora gutangizwa, uburinzi bw'urujya n'uruza ntibuzatangizwa (uburyo ubwabwo bufite gusimbuka).
Ariko, bikwiye kumenyekana ko kubera ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa muri relay ya solid-state, imiterere isanzwe ya TW negative ihuzwa n'uruziga rwo gufunga, ibyo ntibizatuma relay ya solid-state ikora, ahubwo bishobora gutuma relay y'aho iherereye inanirwa gutangira kubera ingufu nyinshi z'igice.
1. Silinda yo hejuru yo gukingira (ifite icyumba cyo kuzimya umwuka gikoresha umwuka)
2. Kuraho silindari yo gukingira
3. Agakoresho ko gufungura n'intoki
4. Chassis (uburyo bwubatswemo bwa magneti buhoraho)
Transformateur y'amashanyarazi
6. Munsi y'insinga
7. Transformateur y'amashanyarazi
8. Kuri interineti
Iki kibazo cyagaragaye mu rwego rwo gusesengura no gutunganya ibintu, uburyo bwihariye bwo kubisesengura bugaragara mu gice cy’urutonde rw’ibibazo muri iyi nyandiko, hari ibisobanuro birambuye.
Hari kandi ibicuruzwa bya magnetism ihoraho mu Bushinwa, ariko ubuziranenge ntibwari bumeze neza mbere. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubuziranenge bwagiye bugera ku isoko buhoro buhoro. Ukurikije ikiguzi, magnetism ihoraho yo mu gihugu muri rusange ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara, kandi amashanyarazi atangwa na bisi ifunga.
Uburyo bwacu bwo gukora bukoreshwa na contactor ikora (ubwoko bw'ubuhanga bwatoranijwe muri rusange), gufata no kurwanya gusimbuka muri rusange bishobora gutangizwa.
5. FS andika "switch" n'izindi
Ibyo twavuze haruguru ni circuit breakers (zizwi cyane nka switches), ariko dushobora guhura n'ibyo abakoresha bita FS switches mu bwubatsi bw'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi. FS switch mu by'ukuri ni ngufi ya load switch + fast fuse.
Kubera ko switch ihenze cyane, iyi FS circuit ikoreshwa mu kuzigama amafaranga. Umuriro usanzwe ukurwaho na switch yo gushyiramo umuriro, naho umuriro w'ikosa ukurwaho na fuse yihuta.
Ubwo bwoko bw'uruziga bukunze kugaragara muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya 6kV. Uburinzi bujyanye n'uruziga nk'urwo bukunze kuba ngombwa kugira ngo hatabaho kugwa cyangwa ngo habeho gukuraho vuba umuriro uvanze n'amazi mu gihe umuriro w'amashanyarazi urenze umuriro wemewe w'umuzigo w'amashanyarazi. Bamwe mu bakoresha uruganda rw'amashanyarazi bashobora kutifuza kurinda umuyoboro ufata umuriro.
Kubera imiterere mibi y'iyi switch, aho ifatanyirizwa ishobora kuba idafite aho iherereye, kandi iyo uruziga rwo kuyifata rumaze gutangira, igomba kwishingikiriza ku gice cyo kuyifatanyirizwamo kugira ngo ifunguke mbere yo kugaruka, bitabaye ibyo, umuriro wo gufunga uzongera kongerwa ku gice cyo kuyifunga kugeza igihe ifatanyirizwa rizimye.
Umuyoboro wo gufunga ukoresheje urukiramende wagenewe gukoreshwa mu gihe gito. Iyo umuriro wongewemo igihe kirekire, biroroshye kuwutwika. Kandi twifuza rwose kugira umuyoboro ufata, bitabaye ibyo biroroshye cyane gutwika imiyoboro irinda.
Birumvikana ko iyo umukoresha wo mu murima abisabye, umugozi wo gufata nawo ushobora gukurwaho. Muri rusange, uburyo bworoshye ni uguca umurongo uri ku kibaho cy’amashanyarazi utuma aho relay ihurira n’aho iyobora amashanyarazi haguma hafunguye.
Mu rubuga rwo gukemura ibibazo, ugomba kwitondera niba ikoranabuhanga rifunguye kandi rizimye, aho ikimenyetso cy'aho riherereye kirazimye. (usibye isoko ntabwo ari ingufu zibikwa, muri icyo gihe agace kerekana ko isoko ntabwo ari ingufu zibikwa). Ingufu zo kugenzura zigomba kuzimwa ako kanya kugira ngo hirindwe gutwika insinga. Iri ni ihame ry'ibanze ryo kuzirikana aho ngaho.
