Kugeza ubu, transformateur z'ingufu zumutse zo mu Bushinwa zigizwe ahanini n'ibice bitatu bya SC, nka: transformateur y'ingufu zumutse ya SCB9, transformateur y'ingufu zumutse ya SCB10, transformateur y'ingufu zumutse ya SCB9. Igipimo cyayo cy'amashanyarazi muri rusange kiri hagati ya 6-35kV, ubushobozi ntarengwa bugera kuri 25MVA. Transformateur yumye igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bya transformateur yumye iterwamo imyobo na transformateur yumye ya resin.
1. Transformateur yumye yatewemo
Insinga ya transformateur yumye yatewe mu Bushinwa itwikiriwe n'insinga z'ibirahure, kandi agace gashyushye gashyirwamo ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mashanyarazi y'amazi n'amazu maremare afite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya inkongi.
Bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'irangi ritera, transformer insulation igabanyijemo B, F, H, C, insulation nyamukuru n'iy'inyuma (insulation nyamukuru hagati yo kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka no hagati yo kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka kw'imbere.
Gukingira bihagaze bivuga gukingira hagati y’ingingo zitandukanye n’ibice bitandukanye bya transformer ifite ubushobozi butandukanye, ahanini harimo imikorere y’ugukingira hagati y’izunguruka, urwego n’ibice by’izunguruka. Umwuka ukoreshwa nk’uburyo bwo gukingira.
Ubwo bwoko bwa transformateur bugirwaho ingaruka n'ibidukikije kurusha transformateur yumye yo mu bwoko bwa resin, imiterere n'uburemere nabyo ni binini, umusaruro mu gihugu no mu mahanga ukunda kugabanuka.
Hari ibimenyetso byo ku mpera zombi z'umuyoboro w'amazi, ntibitinya amazi y'umuraba, birwanya umuriro cyane, birinda umuriro mu muriro ufunguye kuri 750 ℃, ni ubwoko bushya bwa transformer yumye.1.2 Transformer yumye ya resin mu izina rya transformer yo mu gihugu muri iki gihe ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu bikurikira.
Ubwoko bwa mbere, bwitwa transformer ikoresha icyuma gicana ibyuma, voltage yayo yo hejuru ni icyuma gicana ibyuma, voltage yo hasi ni icyuma gicana ibyuma (cyangwa icyuma gicana ibice); Li Qian, Shaanxi provincial Electric Power (group) Co., LTD. Icyitonderwa kutagira icyuma gicana ibyuma.
Ubwoko bwa kabiri, bwitwa transformer ikoresha foil-wound casting, voltage yayo yo hejuru ni ubwoko bwa foil-wound casting bugizwe n'ibice bibiri, voltage yo hasi ni foil y'umuringa (cyangwa foil ya aluminiyumu) izunguruka; Casting ikoreshwa n'umunyururu.
Ubwoko bwa gatatu, umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusukamo silinda ivunika ibikomere, umuvuduko muto w'icyuma (cyangwa aluminiyumu); Gusukamo bicukurwa nta cyuzuzo.
Ubwoko butatu bw'ibicuruzwa bwavuzwe haruguru bufite imiterere yabwo mu gukora no gukora ibicuruzwa, kandi ubu bufite umugabane runaka ku isoko. Muri iyi nkuru, turibanda ku kiganiro cya transfoma zikoresha insinga.
2. Transformateur y'insinga ikoreshwa mu gushushanya
2.1. Ibiranga imiterere
Mu ruganda rwa kabiri rw’amashanyarazi rwa Baoji, mu ntara ya Shaanxi, transformateur zumye zikoreshwa mu ruganda zose ni transformateur zipfunyitse mu nsinga, zifite ingufu za voltage zigera kuri 6 kV, ubushobozi bwa 100 kVA kugeza 1600 kVA, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo imbere.
Imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi menshi n’akeya y’icyo gicuruzwa ikozwe mu nsinga z’umuringa, ifite imigozi yuzuye, ikoresheje fibre y’ikirahure, ifite ubushyuhe buto, ifite resin idafite icyuma gishyushya, ivangwa n’amazi mu buryo bwa vacuum, kandi ivurwa hakurikijwe ubushyuhe bwihariye.
Umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi menshi ukoresha imiterere yihariye ya silindiri ifite ibice, naho umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi make ukoresha ubwoko bwa silindiri ifite ibice byinshi, ubwoko bwa silindiri ifite ibice cyangwa ubwoko bwa silindiri ifite ibice byihariye hakurikijwe urwego rwa voltage.
2.2 Ibiranga tekiniki
2.2.1. Insinga zirwanya ingaruka ziterwa n'imigozi ya transformer hv zikoresha imiterere yihariye ya cylindrical, iyi migozi ishingiye ku migozi isanzwe ya bobbin, ubwoko busanzwe bwa cylindrical zombi zarazwe ibyiza byo kunanirwa guhangana n'ingaruka za bobbin, kandi zikemura urwego rwa bobbin winding rwa voltage nyinshi hagati y'ivuguruzanya, ni imiterere myiza ya winding, ikunze kwitwa imiterere ya winding idahinduka.
Ugereranyije na silindiri isanzwe igabanyijemo ibice, silindiri yihariye igabanyijemo ibice ishobora kugabanya cyane voltage hagati y’ibice, kunoza ikwirakwizwa rya voltage, no kunoza cyane imbaraga z’ingaruka kugira ngo ihangane na voltage nyinshi mu kirere n’ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa.
Ubudahangarwa bw'inkurikizi ntibufitanye isano gusa n'imiterere y'izunguruka, ahubwo bunaterwa n'ubwiza bw'izunguruka n'imiterere y'amashanyarazi y'ibikoresho bikingira.
Nyuma yo kurangiza kuzunguruka k'umusaruro, usukwamo resin yuzuye mu buryo bwa vacuum, kandi nta cyuzuzo cyongerwamo, kugira ngo imikorere y'umusaruro wa resin idagabanuka.
Kandi kubera ko uruziga ruzunguruka rukozwe n'insinga, resin ishobora kuzura neza uruziga, uko byaba biri kose uhereye ku cyerekezo cy'uruziga cyangwa uburebure bw'uruziga, kandi nta ruhurura ruri imbere.
Incamake: Iyi nyandiko igaragaza uburyo transformer yumye ishyirwa mu byiciro n'imiterere yayo, kandi yibanda ku miterere y'transformer isukamo insinga, imiterere ya tekiniki, sisitemu yo gukonjesha, sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ibindi, yasobanuye neza iterambere ry'transformer yumye. Amagambo y'ingenzi: transformer yumye; Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya transformer isukamo insinga.
Resin na fibre y'ikirahure bigizwe n'ubushyuhe bukomeye, ntabwo ari ukwihanganira ingaruka nziza gusa, kandi amazi yo mu gace ni make cyane.
2.2.2. Ingufu nziza za mekanike n'ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwa "short-circuit". Ku bwoko bwa "cylindrical circuit" bugizwe n'ibice bibiri, nyuma yo gusukwa mu cyuma gishyushye, resin ishobora kunyobwa hagati y'ibice, izunguruka n'ibice by'izunguruka icyarimwe.
Nyuma yo gushonga, resin, insinga n'ibirahure birahuzwa neza kugira ngo bikore imiterere ikomeye y'umubiri. Imiterere ikomeye y'imiterere y'inyubako igaragaza ko ibikoresho byo gukata insinga bifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kudakoresha amashanyarazi menshi.
Igipimo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bikungahaye ku bushyuhe bikozwe na resin ikora na fibre y'ikirahure ni (18 ~ 20)×10-6/K, naho igipimo cyo kwaguka cy'umuringa gikoreshwa mu guzunguruka ni 17×10-6/K, hafi cyane y'ibyo byombi. Bikuraho umuvuduko wa mekanike hagati y'icyuma gizunguruka n'ibikoresho bibungabunga ubushyuhe biterwa no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe no gukonja mu gihe cy'imikorere ya transformer. Kuva ku muzi kugeza ku gukuraho ikintu cyo kwaguka.
Kubera ko icyo gicuruzwa gikozwe muri resin ku gitutu kinini no hasi, kandi igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma gitwikiriwe na resin, gifite ubushuhe bwinshi n'ubudahangarwa. Iyo ubushuhe bw'ikirere ari 100%, gishobora gukomeza gukora igihe kirekire.
Kubera ko ubushyuhe buvanze bugizwe na resin nziza na fibre y'ikirahure bufite imbaraga nyinshi cyane z'amashanyarazi, ubugari bw'ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa ni mm 1.5 ~ 2 gusa, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bw'ubuso buzunguruka.
2.3. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha no kurinda
Transformateur yumye ikonjeshwa n'umwuka usanzwe n'umwuka utemba ku ngufu. Gukonjesha umwuka karemano byakoreshejwe kugira ngo transformateur ikore neza mu gihe idafite umutwaro uhagije. Transformateur yumye ikoreshwa mu ruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa baoji No.2 zose zikonjeshwa n'umwuka utemba ku ngufu n'umufana wa radial.
Nyuma yo gukonjesha hakoreshejwe umwuka utembera ku ngufu, ubushobozi bwa transformateur yumye ifite kVA 800 no munsi yayo bushobora kwiyongeraho 40%, naho ubushobozi bwa transformateur yumye ifite kVA 800 no hejuru yayo bushobora kwiyongeraho 50%, kandi bushobora gukora buri gihe.
Transformateur y'ubwoko bwumye muri rusange irinda IP00, ni ukuvuga, nta gikonoshwa, ikoreshwa mu nzu, ikigo cya kabiri cy'amashanyarazi cya Baoji gikoresha ubu buryo bwo kurinda. Nanone ukurikije ibyo umukoresha akeneye, ongeramo igikonoshwa kirinda.
Inzu ya IP20 ibuza ibintu bikomeye bidafite aho bihuriye n’amazi kwinjira birengeje mm 12 kandi igatanga imbogamizi ku bice bizima. Iyo uburinzi bwa IP23 bukoreshejwe, uretse uburinzi bwa IP20, ifite n’inshingano zo gukumira amazi atemba.
2.4. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe
Imikorere myiza kandi yizewe ya transformateur y'amashanyarazi n'igihe ikora biterwa ahanini n'uburyo insulation ya transformateur ikora neza kandi yizewe. Ubushyuhe bw'insulation burenze ubushyuhe bwa insulation ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma insulation yangirika kandi transformateur ntikore neza.
Transformateur ikoresha icyuma gipima ubushyuhe cya SC ikoresha uburyo bwo kurinda ubushyuhe bwa XMTB. Ikintu gipima ubushyuhe bwa platine gishyirwa mu izunguruka rya mbere ry'insinga ifite voltage nkeya kugira ngo imenye neza uko ubushyuhe bw'insinga buzamuka, yerekane ubushyuhe bw'insinga ifite voltage nkeya y'ibyiciro bitatu, kandi ibarinde ubushyuhe.
Iyo ubushyuhe n'umutwaro bihindutse, iyo uruziga rugeze ku bushyuhe ntarengwa, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kizohereza ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura gutangira k'umufana (110 ℃), guhagarara k'umufana (90 ℃), inzogera (120 ℃) no guhagarara (145 ℃), kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigire uburinzi bwizewe bwo kurenza urugero mu kazi.
Transformateur zikoresha icyuma gicana ibyuma cya SC3 zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya M&C rishinzwe kumenya ubushyuhe no kugenzura imiyoboro ya transformateur, kandi zigatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bushobora kumenya ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro, no kugenzura uburyo bwo gukonjesha umwuka (AF), gutanga integuza y'ubushyuhe burenze urugero no kunyura mu bushyuhe burenze urugero kwa transformateur.
Nyuma yo gukosora ubushyuhe bisanzwe, transformateur ibanza gushyirwa mu mikorere y'umuyoboro, hanyuma icyuma gipima ubushyuhe gihabwa ingufu kugira ngo gikore. Iki gipimo cy'ubushyuhe kiba kiri mu buryo bwo kugenzura byikora, kandi hakorwa igenzura ry'ubushyuhe no kurinda transformateur. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'izunguruka buri hejuru ya 110 ℃, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe gitangira umufana kugira ngo akonje; Iyo ubushyuhe bw'izunguruka bugabanutse munsi ya 90 ℃ mu gihe cyo gukonjesha mu mwuka, umufana arahagarara.
Iyo ubushyuhe bw'izunguruka bwiyongereye cyane, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kizatanga ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe burenze urugero (155 ℃) n'ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe burenze urugero (170 ℃). Iyo icyuma gipima ubushyuhe cyananiwe kandi kidashobora gukurwaho by'agateganyo, kuramo icyuma gipima ubushyuhe, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe gishobora gukomeza gukora, gusa ugomba gukurikirana no kugenzura ko icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kiri mu mikorere isanzwe.
3. Igereranya hagati ya transformateur yumye na transformateur iterwa n'amavuta
Ibyiza bikomeye n'igiciro gito cya transfoma zinjira muri peteroli biragoye gusimbuza izindi transfoma. Mu bijyanye no kurinda hanze no mu kurinda inkongi y'umuriro mu bice rusange, ubu no mu gihe kizaza mu gihe kirekire, hazakomeza kuba transfoma ikoreshwa muri peteroli.
Ariko ahantu hagomba gukingirwa cyane n'inkongi, hakoreshwa transformateur z'ubwoko bwumye cyangwa iz'amazi zidashya n'iz'amazi zidashya. Transformateur yumye ifite ubushobozi bwo kurenza urugero kurusha transformateur yinjijwe mu mavuta, ahanini bitewe nuko ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi yumye ari buke, ubushobozi bwo gushyuha ari bwinshi, kandi igihe cyo kuzunguruka ni kinini.
Ugereranyije na transformateur yumye ikoreshwa mu mavuta, imikorere yayo irushaho kuba myiza. Transformateur yumye ikoreshwa mu mavuta ikoresha ahantu henshi, ikoreshwa hanze irushaho kuba myinshi.
Ingufu za transformer yumye ni nto, zikoreshwa cyane imbere mu nzu. Ugereranyije na transformer zicukurwa mu mavuta, ifite amashanyarazi make y’inkuba, umutwe wayo ugenda buhoro kandi ikaba ifite amahirwe make yo gukubita inkuba.
Transformateur zumutse zikunze kurindwa n'ibikoresho bifunga oxide by'icyuma, bitagabanya gusa ikirere gishyushye cyane, ahubwo binagabanya ikirere gishyushye cyane.
