Gahunda yo kubaka imijyi igezweho na interineti y'ibintu byatumye ibikoresho bigezweho bishyirwa imbere. Haba mu Bushinwa cyangwa ku isi yose, kubaka imiryango igezweho byabaye ikintu kidasubirwaho. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bigezweho nk' "ikiraro" cy'imijyi igezweho bizatera inganda nyinshi.
Umujyi w'ubwenge
Smart city ni urubuga rwo gushyira mu bikorwa interineti y’ibintu, ndetse n’icyitegererezo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y’ibintu. Ni umushinga munini w’icyitegererezo ugizwe n’ibikoresho bikora kuri interineti y’ibintu, bifite kandi bikubiyemo ikoranabuhanga hafi ya ryose rijyanye na interineti y’ibintu, ikoranabuhanga ryo mu bicu n’irindi koranabuhanga. Ni igice cy’ingenzi kandi cy’ingenzi cy’uko Ubushinwa bubona ibintu.
Imijyi igezweho ishobora guhuzwa mu buryo butambitse no mu buryo buhagaze bitewe n'ingano y'imijyi n'ibikenewe bitandukanye kugira ngo habeho sisitemu y'umujyi igezweho ifite ingano ya sisitemu, imikorere yayo irushaho kuba myiza kandi yibandwaho cyane.
Smart city ntishobora kugerwaho mu ijoro rimwe. Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa smart city ni sisitemu ifunguye ishobora kongeramo imikorere no kunoza no kuvugurura imikorere buhoro buhoro.
"Imijyi ifite ubwenge" igomba kugira ibintu bine: uburyo bwo kubona ibintu neza, guhuza umurongo mugari, guhuza no gukoresha neza amakuru, hamwe n'udushya dushingiye ku baturage.
Icya mbere ni uburyo bwo kubona ibintu mu buryo bwuzuye kandi burambuye: binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kumva ibintu, ibice byose byo kugenzura imicungire y'imijyi no gusobanukirwa ibintu mu buryo bwuzuye
Kumenya. Kumenya mu buryo bw'ubwenge mu gihe nyacyo, uburyo bwo kubona ibidukikije byo mu mijyi, imiterere, aho biherereye n'izindi mpinduka mu makuru.
Birumvikana ko ari n'umusaruro utazibagirana wo guteza imbere porogaramu za sensor!
Ikoreshwa rya sensors mu bwubatsi bw'umujyi ugezweho
Igisabwa cy'ibanze ku mujyi w’ubwenge ni uko ibintu byose biri mu mujyi bihujwe. Ikintu cyose gikeneye kumenyekana no gucungwa kigomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bihuye na byo. Kubwibyo, kuvugurura ibikoresho biba ingenzi ku iterambere ryihuse ry’imijyi y’ubwenge.
1. Guparika imodoka neza binoza imikorere y'imodoka
Umuvuduko w’imodoka ni cyo kibazo cya mbere gihangayikishije imijyi ya none, kandi uko imodoka zihora zishakisha aho ziparika imodoka mu mihanda y’umujyi, byongera umwuka wa karuboni n’indi myuka ihumanya ikirere igira ingaruka ku isuku y’ikirere mu mijyi.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo guparika imodoka mu buryo bw'ubwenge risezeranya guhindura ibyo. Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha amakuru ya GPS aturuka kuri telefoni zigendanwa na sensors ziri mu butaka bwa Parking Spaces kugira ngo ritange amakarita yo guparika imodoka mu gihe nyacyo n'amakuru ajyanye na Parking Spaces ku ba nyir'imodoka begereye, bigatuma parikingi irushaho kuba nziza kandi itangiza ibidukikije.
Los Angeles yashyizeho ikoranabuhanga ryo guparika imodoka mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kandi yashyizeho sensor zidafite insinga mu biparike birenga 6.300 hirya no hino mu mujyi. Binyuze kuri porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa, imbuga za interineti no guhamagara 511, abashoferi bashobora kubona amakuru nyayo yerekeye ahantu ho guparika imodoka hafi aho ndetse n'ibiciro by'ibiciro bihinduka mu gihe nyacyo bitewe n'uko abantu babikeneye. Umujyi kandi washyizeho ibimenyetso birenga icumi na bibiri by'ubutumwa bw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bifashe abashoferi kubona ahantu ho guparika imodoka neza.
Amatara yo mu muhanda akoresha ubwenge atuma umujyi utekanye
Amatara yo mu muhanda ni ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi by'umujyi. Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y'ibintu, amatara yo mu muhanda ashobora kuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'imijyi ifite ubwenge. Ibikoresho by'amatara yo mu muhanda bishobora gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru y'imihanda yo mu mujyi mu buryo nyabwo, gutanga amakuru y'imikorere y'umujyi mu buryo nyabwo ku bayobozi, no gutuma imicungire y'umujyi irushaho kuba myiza kandi itekanye.
Amatara yo mu muhanda akoresha ubwenge ashobora kunoza umutekano w'imihanda yo mu mujyi no kuzigama amafaranga menshi ku mashanyarazi ya leta. Simbuza amatara yo mu muhanda ashaje n'amatara ya LED akoresha ingufu nke, binyuze mu guhuza umugozi, agakoresha ibikoresho byayo byo kugenzura ikirere kugira ngo bimurire abahisi n'abagenzi iyo begereye kandi bizimye iyo bavuye. Kandi ohereza ubutumwa bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi ku bayobozi igihe itara rikeneye gusimbuzwa.
Urugero, i Los Angeles, imihanda irenga 80% ifite amatara ya LED n'amatara ya 4G LTE akoresha insinga. Aya matara yo ku muhanda ashobora kuzigama 63% ku mafaranga y'ingufu z'umwaka no kunoza serivisi zo guturamo binyuze mu nsinga zifatanye.
Chicago yashyizeho amatara arenga 76.000 ya LED mu bice by'umujyi bikunze kurangwa n'urugomo, bigabanyije ikiguzi cy'amatara yo mu muhanda mu gice cya kabiri mu mwaka umwe. Ubuyobozi buvuga ko amatara agezweho azigama miliyoni zigera ku 100 z'amadolari mu myaka 10 ishize.
3. Gutwara abantu mu buryo bw'ubwenge binoza umutekano wo mu muhanda
Irimo ibintu byose kuva ku modoka zitwara zonyine kugeza ku bimenyetso by’umuhanda bikoresha ubwenge. Binyuze mu isesengura ry’ibipimo n’itumanaho hagati ya sisitemu, igamije "kugabanya ubucucike bw’imodoka, kunoza imicungire y’imodoka, kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije, no kugirira akamaro abakoresha ubucuruzi ndetse n’ubwikorezi rusange."
Columbus, muri leta ya Ohio, ni icyitegererezo cy’umujyi mwiza n’ubwubatsi bw’ubwikorezi bw’ubwenge. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, Columbus yegukanye miliyoni 40 z’amadolari mu irushanwa rya Smart City Challenge ryo muri Amerika. Umujyi ntukibanda gusa ku modoka zitwara zonyine, ahubwo unashyigikira porogaramu yo gutegura ingendo mu buryo bwinshi kugira ngo ifashe abaturage gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bw’ingendo mu mujyi no mu nkengero zawo.
Byongeye kandi, imijyi myinshi hirya no hino ku isi irimo gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor kugira ngo ihuze amatara yo mu muhanda na kamera zo kugenzura kugira ngo inoze umutekano w'abanyamaguru. Urugero, Boston yafatanyije na Verizon gutangiza gahunda ya Smart Streets ku muhanda wa Massachusetts Avenue na Beacon Street kugira ngo igerageze ikoranabuhanga ryo gukusanya amakuru, rikusanya kandi rigasesengura amakuru y'umuhanda binyuze muri kamera, amatara yo ku muhanda ya LED, na sensor kugira ngo ihindure imiterere y'umuhanda n'igihe cy'ibimenyetso kugira ngo inoze umutekano w'abanyamaguru.
4. Ingufu z'ubwenge zihindura ibidukikije mu mijyi
Nk’uko bitangazwa n’itsinda riharanira inyungu rya Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative, riharanira inyungu, kunoza amashanyarazi agezweho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Smart “ni intambwe ya mbere y’ingenzi mu mijyi ikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.” Gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, nk’izikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ku gisenge, bigira uruhare mu “mpinduka zirambye” ziteza imbere ibidukikije kandi zikarinda ubuzima rusange.
Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kandi "ituma habaho guhuza neza ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibyo bigatuma habaho amahirwe menshi mu mijyi." Mu gihe kizaza, imijyi izaba idafite ubwikorezi buhumanya ikirere, kandi mu bihe byihutirwa, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikora nk'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora gutanga amashanyarazi yihutirwa mu mijyi.
Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifasha abaturage kubona amakuru yabo y'ingufu kandi igatuma ibigo bitanga gahunda nshya z'ibiciro binoza imikorere myiza y'ingufu.
5. Gucunga neza ubuvuzi bw'abaturage
Binyuze kuri interineti y'ibintu, imijyi ifite ubwenge ituma bishoboka guhuza ibintu byose. Abantu, inyubako, ubwikorezi, n'ibidukikije byose bizahuzwa n'umuyoboro wose w'amakuru, bityo bikanoza serivisi zo mu mijyi. Muri icyo gihe, iyi miyoboro ishobora gufasha kunoza ubuzima bw'abaturage.
6. Inyubako zigezweho ziteza imbere kurengera ibidukikije
Nk’uko Navigant Research ibitangaza, inyubako zigize hafi 30 ku ijana by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi na 70 ku ijana by’ingufu zikoreshwa mu mijyi minini.
7. Imijyi ifite ubwenge ikeneye ibidukikije bigezweho
Uko inyubako nziza "zirangwa n'icyatsi" ziyongera mu mijyi, imijyi igomba gutekereza ku buryo ikoranabuhanga rishya ryakoreshwa mu kunoza ibidukikije mu buryo bwagutse.
