Akamaro k'ingenzi k'agasanduku k'ishami ry'insinga ni ukugabanya cyangwa guhinduranya insinga. Gucika kw'insinga. Gutwara insinga nyinshi ntoya mu nzira ifite intera ndende akenshi bitera gutakaza no gutakaza ikoreshwa ry'insinga, bityo mu gihe nta ngufu zikoreshwa, inkingi nkuru n'insinga nini bikunze gukoreshwa bitajyanye n'imbibi. Akabati k'imbaho ko gukwirakwiza cyangwa kohereza insinga, kagabanyijemo X in na X out, ko gukwirakwiza cyangwa kohereza insinga ndende.
Igice cy'ingenzi cy'impeta: agasanduku ko gukwirakwiza insinga gafite switch gashobora gukoreshwa kure. Aho guhindurira: sitasiyo nto n'iciriritse yo gukwirakwiza idafite abapilote ifite bisi imwe cyangwa bisi imwe ihuza igice kimwe.
Udusanduku tw’amashami y’insinga muri rusange dukoreshwa hanze. Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, udusanduku tw’amashami y’insinga dufite switch na two dukomeza kunozwa, kandi insinga zo mu mijyi minini zikunze gukoresha uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bukoresha imiyoboro ibiri, bityo abantu benshi bahita batwita agasanduku k’amashami afite switch. Ni agasanduku k’ingenzi gakoreshwa hanze, ariko igice kinini cy’ingenzi gikoreshwa muri iki cyiciro ntigishobora gukomeza gukoresha uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza.
1. Ibice bigize igice cy'ingenzi cy'impeta:
Igice cy’ingenzi cy’impeta kizwi kandi nka enterprise ya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ya ring network, ni itsinda ry’imashini n’ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi menshi byashyizwe mu kabati k’icyuma kinini cyangwa ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byakozwe mu gice cy’impeta cy’impeta, bimwe muri byo bikoresha switches zo gutwara imizigo na fuses z’amashanyarazi menshi. Buri gice cy’ingenzi cy’impeta gihabwa uburyo bwo guhuza bworoshye bw’udusanduku 3 kugeza kuri 5 two hasi, kugira ngo harebwe ibisabwa na sisitemu y’amashanyarazi y’udusanduku dutandukanye tw’impeta z’amashanyarazi. Kubera ko ibikoresho by’ingenzi by’impeta n’agasanduku gakomeye byashyizwe mu gasanduku kamwe k’icyuma gafunze, muri rusange bikoreshwa nk’ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe n’ibikoresho byo kuzimya imirasire. Agatambaro k’umuhondo gashobora gutuma switch ikora vuba. Moduli yigenga y’impeta igizwe na module zitandukanye zo kugenzura na module za busway nka module eshatu z’insinga eshanu, units z’ingano, amasosiyete ya televiziyo, nibindi, kandi ishobora gukora gahunda zitandukanye uko ibyifuza bitewe n’ibyo ikeneye.
2. ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'igice cy'ingenzi cy'impeta:
Igice cy'ingenzi cy'impeta gishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bune:
a. Impeta y'ubwoko bwa pompe y'umwuka: Impeta y'ubwoko bwa pompe y'umwuka ni ubwoko bushya bw'impeta y'umwuka ikoreshwa mu kurinda ibidukikije, ikaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kurengera ibidukikije. Iki gicuruzwa gikoresha agakoresho ko kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi n'igikoresho cyo kurinda microcomputer, kandi inkengero zose zikoresha kole ya epoxy resin cyangwa gel ya silica. Iyi nseti ituma habaho umutekano mwinshi mu mikorere no mu mikorere nyayo, kandi ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora kugera kuri 24KV.
b. Igice cy'ingenzi cy'impeta ya SF6: Igice cy'ingenzi cy'impeta ya SF6 ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo mu rugo bifite ingufu nyinshi bifite urwego rwo gukingira umwuka cyangwa urwego rwo gukingira umwuka rufite urwego rwo gukingira umuzigo nk'igice cy'ingenzi, gishobora kugizwe no kwinjira mu buryo bworoshye, guhindura, guhuza no kubungabunga sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Imashini zikora. Ibice byayo by'ingenzi by'urufunguzo rw'impeta bigizwe na SF6 load switch cyangwa izindi switch zo kwimura hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo.
c. Igice cy’ingenzi cy’uruziga rukora gazi: Igice cy’ingenzi cy’uruziga rukora gazi gikozwe mu bikoresho fatizo bitanga gazi ikomeye (nk'amasahani ya plexiglass) kugira ngo bikore ibice bizimya gazi. Ibikoresho fatizo bitanga gazi bihinduka gazi, ikonjesha amazi y’amashanyarazi ikayasohora. Uko ingano y’amashanyarazi agabanijwe n’ayahujwe ari menshi, ni ko amashanyarazi ahinduka akomeye, ni ko gazi ihinduka iba nini, kandi ingaruka nyazo zo kuzimya gazi ziba nyinshi.
d. Igice cy’ingenzi cy’impeta y’umwuka ifunze: Igice cy’ingenzi cy’impeta y’umwuka ifunze cyiswe hakurikijwe uburyo bwatoranijwe bw’impeta y’umwuka ifunze. Impeta y’umwuka ifunze ikoresha impagarara y’umwuka kugira ngo ihushye arc. Iyo ikuruwe, inkoni ya piston y’umwuka ifunze igenda vuba, kandi umwuka ushyushye cyane muri silinda uhungizwa ugana ku isonga ry’amashanyarazi binyuze mu munwa iyo imashini izimya umuriro itandukanyijwe kugira ngo ihuze amashanyarazi. Kora amashanyarazi yonyine kandi uyihuze iyo umuvuduko uri hasi. Muri rusange, umuvuduko w’impeta y’umwuka ifunze ni hafi kA 1, kugira ngo ubushobozi bwo gucika no guhagarika umuvuduko wa 50 kA bushobore kugerwaho. Umuvuduko uhoraho w’ubushyuhe muri rusange ni kA 20, 3s.
3. Ni ibihe bintu biranga imiterere y'akabati k'urusobe rw'impeta?
a. Akabati k'urusobe rw'imirongo kagizwe n'ibice bine: icyumba cyo gusimbuza, icyumba cya fuse gifite voltage nyinshi, icyumba cyo gutunganya imikorere n'icyumba cy'insinga (plate spring).
b. Icyumba cyo guhinduranya ibikoresho kigizwe na buri ruziga rukora (harimo n'urufunguzo rwo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi n'urufunguzo rwo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi) rufunze mu cyuma gifunganye n'agasanduku kari hagati y'uruziga. Igipfukisho gipfundikirwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yo gusudira isahani ikonje ya 3mm (cyangwa isahani nini y'icyuma idafite ubudodo). Buri ruziga rukora ibikoresho byo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi n'urufunguzo rwo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi. Urufunguzo rwo gusimbuza ibikoresho rwo hejuru rugizwe na porogaramu yo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi ikoreshwa mu gukora neza no gukora neza aho uhagaze ku mpera yo hasi y'urukuta. Iyo ruziga rwongeye gufungwa, uruziga rwo hasi rugenda rumanuka maze ruziga rwo hasi rugahuzwa. Urufunguzo rwo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi rugizwe n'icyuma cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi n'icyuma cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi. Mu gihe cyose cyo gukora imyitozo y'umuhondo yo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi, ruziga rwo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi ruhuzwa vuba. Hari imyobo ine y'ubukorikori hejuru n'inyuma y'icyumba cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho, kandi uruhande rw'inyuma rw'icyuma cy'impeta rufite idirishya ryo kureba, kandi ibice byo "kugabanya" no "gufunga" by'igikoresho cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo hasi biragaragara. Uruhande rw'inyuma rw'icyuma cy'impeta rufite ibikoresho bidaturika.
c. Imashini ikoresha imiterere y’umwuka ufunze, ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuzimya umurambararo kandi ntigira ingaruka mbi ku mabara yombi ndetse n’urwego rwo gukingira ubutaka. Imiyoboro yombi ikoresha imbaraga n’iy’umwuka idahinduka irimo imiyoboro igabanya umurambararo w’umurambararo, ibyo bikaba birushaho kunoza ubwinshi bw’imivuduko yo gucika.
d. Fuse ifite voltage nyinshi n'icyumba cyo gusimbuza imizigo birema uruziga rwo kubungabunga transformateur. Fuse ifite voltage nyinshi ishyirwa mu gifuniko cy'ubushyuhe cya epoxy resin-cast. Iyo fuse ifite voltage nyinshi imaze guturika, striker irasohoka hanyuma switch yo gusimbuza imizigo irafungwa.
e. Icyumba cyo gukoreramo kiri ku ruhande rw’urundi ruhande rw’igice kinini cy’uruziga. Muri buri ruziga rw’ibikorwa, icyuma gishyushya imizigo gifite ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu z’abakozi (cyangwa amashanyarazi), kandi icyuma gishyushya imizigo gifite ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu z’abakozi. Ikigo cy’umuhondo cyo gukora, agace k’igenzura gafite imyenge yo gukora igikoresho gishyushya imizigo n’akabuto gazunguruka gakurura n’igikoresho gishyushya imizigo, n’imyenge yo gukora igikoresho gishyushya imizigo, gufungura no gufunga aho igikoresho gishyushya imizigo gifunguye n’amatara yo kwerekana igikoresho n’ubwoko bw’amashanyarazi. Fungura kandi ufunge utubuto twongera gufunga, hanyuma ushyireho umurongo wo kwigana, ecran yo kwerekana imiterere y’igikoresho n’igice cyo gufunga, imikorere igikoresho gishyushya imizigo n’igikoresho gishyushya imizigo gifite ibikoresho bifatanye kugira ngo hirindwe amakosa yo gukora.
