Switchgear bivuga ibikoresho byose byo gukwirakwiza ingufu byakusanyijwe mu bikoresho by'ibanze n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera runaka, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura no kurinda imiyoboro n'ibikoresho. Switchgear ishobora kugabanywamo switchgear ifite amashanyarazi menshi (ubwoko butaziguye n'ubwoko bw'ikigare) n'ibice bifite amashanyarazi make (ubwoko butaziguye n'ubwoko bw'akabati) hakurikijwe urwego rw'amashanyarazi y'imirongo yinjira n'isohoka.
Imiterere y'icyuma gihindura amashanyarazi gifite ingufu nyinshi isa hafi, ahanini igabanyijemo icyumba cya busbar, icyumba cyo gusohora amashanyarazi, icyumba cyo kugenzura cya kabiri (icyumba cy'ibikoresho), n'icyumba cyo gutanga ibiribwa. Muri rusange hari ahantu hatandukanye hagati ya buri cyumba hakozwe icyuma. Igikoresho gihindura amashanyarazi gifite ingufu nke gishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo ibice bishyirwamo.
KYN28A-12 ifite icyuma cyo hagati gikoresha ingufu nyinshi
Akabati k'imashini gafite ingufu nke za GGD
Akabati k'imashini isohora umuriro muke wa MNS
Ibyuma bivanwamo bya KYN61-40.5 bipfundikiye icyuma gifunganye
Akabati k'imashini isohora umuriro muke wa GCK
Ibice by'imbere birimo: bisi (busbar), icyuma gica uruziga, relay isanzwe, igikoresho cyo kurinda relay, icyuma gipimisha, icyuma cyo kwimura, itara ryerekana, icyuma cyo hasi, nibindi.
1. Akabati k'umurongo winjira kitwa kandi akabati k'amashanyarazi. Ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kwakira ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziturutse ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi (kuva ku murongo winjira ujya ku muyoboro wa busbar). Muri rusange gafite ibikoresho byo guca imiyoboro, CT, PT, ibyuma byo kwimura n'ibindi bice.
2. Utubati dusohoka twitwa kandi utubati dutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa utubati dutanga amashanyarazi. Ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi (kuva kuri bisi kugera kuri buri murongo usohoka), kandi muri rusange bifite utumashini dutanga amashanyarazi, CT, PT, ibyuma byo kwimura n'ibindi bice.
3. Guhuza bisi
Nanone yitwa akabati k'imodoka igabanya bisi. Ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu guhuza ibice bibiri bya bisi (kuva kuri bisi kugera kuri bisi). Guhuza bisi bikunze gukoreshwa mu gice kimwe cya bisi na sisitemu ebyiri za bisi kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa cyangwa garanti y'abakoresha mu guhitamo uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Gukuraho imizigo mu gihe habayeho ikibazo.
4. Akabati ka transformer y'amashanyarazi ka PT muri rusange gashyirwa kuri busbar kugira ngo gamenye voltage ya busbar kandi gakore akazi ko kurinda. Shyiramo cyane cyane transformer y'amashanyarazi PT, icyuma cyo kwimura, fuse na arrester nibindi imbere.
5. Akabati ko kwimura kakoreshwa mu gutandukanya utubati twombi tw’amashanyarazi cyangwa mu gutandukanya ibikoresho byakira amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi. Gashobora gutanga aho umukozi ahera kugira ngo yorohereze ibikorwa byo kubungabunga no gusana. Kubera ko akabati ko kwimura kadafite ubushobozi bwo gucana no gucana umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, akagare k’akabati ko kwimura ntigashobora gusunikwa cyangwa gukururwa iyo akagari gahujwe nako gafunze. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza imikorere y’akagari n’akagari ko kwimura kugira ngo hirindwe ko umukozi akora nabi.
6. Akabati ka capacitor kandi kitwa akabati k’ingurane, gakoreshwa mu kunoza ingufu z’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, cyangwa mu gutanga ingurane z’amashanyarazi. Ibice by’ingenzi ni amatsinda ya capacitor banks, switching control loops na fuses bihujwe icyarimwe. Birinda ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi. Muri rusange bishyirwa hamwe n’akabati k’injira, akabati kamwe cyangwa menshi ya capacitor ashobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe. Nyuma yuko akabati ka capacitor gakuwe kuri grid y’amashanyarazi, kubera ko capacitor bank ifata igihe kugira ngo irangize igikorwa cyo gusohora, ntibishoboka gukora ku bice biri muri kabati, cyane cyane capacitor bank; mu gihe runaka nyuma y’uko umuriro uzimye (nk’uko capacitor bank ibivuga Biterwa n’ubushobozi, nko: umunota 1), kongera gufunga ntibyemewe kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa volteji nyinshi kuri capacitor. Mu gihe ukora imirimo yo kugenzura yikora, witondere uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa igihe gikwiye cyo guhinduranya buri tsinda rya capacitor banks kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw’itsinda rimwe rya capacitor mu gihe andi matsinda adakunze gucana cyangwa kuzimya.
7. Akabati ko gupima
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima ingufu z'amashanyarazi (kWh), kandi igabanyijemo voltage nyinshi n'volte nkeya, muri rusange ishyirwaho na switch isolation, fuse, CT, PT, active watt-hour meter (igipimo gakondo cyangwa meter ya digitale), reactive watt-hour Meters, relays, n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera (nk'ibipimo by'imizigo, nibindi).
8. Akabati ka GIS kandi kitwa akabati k’amashanyarazi gafatanye, kagizwe n’ibice bifunganye by’amashanyarazi, ibicaniro bitandukanya, ibicaniro byo hasi, CT, PT, ibifunga, ibicaniro by’amashanyarazi, nibindi mu gikoresho cy’icyuma, hanyuma gaze ifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira no kuzimya arc (Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 ikoreshwa muri rusange) nk'igipimo cyo gukingira hagati y’ibyiciro n’ubutaka, kibereye imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ifite ingufu nyinshi n’ubushobozi bwinshi, ikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza no kugenzura ingufu.
9. Iyo icyuma gihagarika uruziga gikora neza, icyuma gihagarika uruziga kiba gifunze (usibye porogaramu zidasanzwe), kandi uruziga ruba rwahujwe. Mu gihe cyo gukora ibikorwa byo kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura uburinzi, icyuma gihagarika uruziga gishobora gukoreshwa kiyobowe n'igikoresho cyuzuye cyo kurinda kugira ngo gice cyangwa gihuze uruziga. Ikigo gihagarika uruziga ntigishobora gucana no kuzimya umuvuduko usanzwe w'amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo gishobora no kwihanganira umuvuduko uhoraho w'amashanyarazi mu gihe runaka (inshuro nyinshi cyangwa icumi z'umuvuduko usanzwe ukora), guca umuvuduko uhoraho w'amashanyarazi, no guca uruziga n'ibikoresho bitari byo. Kubwibyo, inshingano nyamukuru y'icyuma gihagarika uruziga ni uguca no gukora uruziga (harimo no guca no gukora umuvuduko usanzwe, guca umuvuduko uhoraho w'amashanyarazi). Kubera ko mu gihe cyo guca no gufunga uruziga, uruziga rukorwa hagati y'aho ruhurira n'aho ruhurira n'aho ruhurira n'aho ruhurira. Kugira ngo turinde aho ruhurira, tugabanye igihombo cy'ibikoresho bihuza kandi tugace mu buryo bwizewe, ingamba zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo tuzimye uruziga vuba bishoboka. Imwe muri zo ni ugukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzimya uruziga kugira ngo wuzuze aho ruhurira n'aho ruhurira n'aho ruhurira. Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzimya umuriro, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ishobora kugabanywamo: imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'amavuta (amavuta menshi, amavuta make), imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ya sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi y'umwuka, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'umwuka, n'ibindi. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gikoresho gikoresha ingufu nyinshi n'iziciriritse dukunze guhura nabyo muri uyu mushinga ni imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Kubera ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yimuka kandi idahindagurika ipfunyitse mu gikoresho cyuzuyemo icyuma kizimya umuriro, aho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifunguye kandi igafunga ntabwo ishobora gupimwa mu buryo butaziguye, akenshi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'inyongera bya miyoboro y'amashanyarazi (nk'ibyerekanwa byo gufungura no gufunga). Nibindi) kugira ngo hamenyekane.
10. Imbugita yo kwitandukanya
Ikyuma cyo kwitandukanya (cyangwa seriveri yo kwitandukanya) gishobora kumenya aho gihuriye cyangwa aho gitandukaniye bitewe n'aho cyacitse. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutandukanya amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo imiyoboro n'ibikoresho bibungabungwe neza. Umuyoboro ushobora gukurwamo ni muto cyane (ubusanzwe ni ampere nke gusa). Kubera ko nta gikoresho cyihariye cyo kuzimya umuriro gihari, ntigishobora gukoreshwa mu gutandukanya umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro usanzwe ukora, kandi nticyemewe gukora igikorwa cyo gucikamo umutwaro.
11. Fuse
Fuse ni igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi cyoroshye kirinda urujya n'uruza. Ihame ryayo ni uko iyo umuyoboro unyura muri fuse ugeze cyangwa urenze agaciro runaka mu gihe runaka, ishonga yawo irashonga igaca urujya n'uruza. Ihame ryayo ni iryoroshye, ryoroshye gushyiraho, muri rusange ntirikoreshwa ryonyine, ahanini rikoreshwa mu gukorana n'ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Ibiranga ibikorwa by'ingenzi: Icya mbere, umuyoboro ugomba kugera ku gaciro runaka, kakozwe mbere yuko fuse iva mu ruganda kandi ntishobora guhindurwa; icya kabiri, igihe runaka kigomba gushira nyuma y'uko umuyoboro ugeze ku gaciro runaka, nacyo gikorwa n'uwakoze kandi ntigishobora guhindurwa. Ariko hari ubwoko bwinshi, harimo igikorwa cyatinze, igikorwa cyihuse, igikorwa cyihuse cyane, nibindi; icya gatatu ni uko umubiri wangiritse nyuma y'igikorwa kandi ntushobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi ugomba gusimburwa; niba fuse yahumetse bishobora gupimwa hakurikijwe ikimenyetso cya fuse cyangwa uko isura y'ishonga imeze; Fuse n'imiyoboro y'ubwishingizi bikunze gukoreshwa biri muri iki cyiciro cy'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi.
12. Guhindura umutwaro
Iyi switch yo gushyiramo umuriro ifite igikoresho cyoroshye cyo kuzimya umuriro. Iyi switch yo kuzimya umuriro muri rusange ni umwuka, ushobora guhuza no guca imigezi imwe n'imwe n'imigezi irenga umuvuduko, ariko ntushobora guca imigezi irenga umuvuduko kandi ntushobora gukoreshwa mu guca amakosa ya circuit-short. Kubwibyo, ntibyemewe na gato gukoresha switch yo gushyiramo umuriro kugira ngo usimbuze circuit breaker; niba hagomba gukoreshwa switch yo gushyiramo umuriro, igomba gukoreshwa hamwe na fize ifite voltage nyinshi yavuzwe haruguru (mu byukuri, fize na switch yo gushyiramo umuriro akenshi bikoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo birinde umuvuduko mwinshi, kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cy'umushinga). Iyi switch yo gushyiramo umuriro isa n'icyuma cyo kwitandukanya, kandi hari icyuho kigaragara cyo guhagarika, kandi bishobora kumenyekana byoroshye niba circuit iri mu gihe cyo kuyifungura cyangwa kuyihagarika.
13. Transformateur
Mu magambo make, transformateur ni igikoresho gikoresha amashanyarazi asimburana kugira ngo kigere ku ihinduka ry’ingano zitandukanye z’amashanyarazi (mu by’ukuri ihinduka ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi), kandi voltage mbere na nyuma yo guhinduka ntihinduka mu buryo bugaragara. Dukurikije uko ikoreshwa, ishobora kugabanywamo amoko menshi, nka transformateur z’amashanyarazi, transformateur zikosora amashanyarazi, transformateur zigenzura amashanyarazi, transformateur zo kwitandukanya, na CT, PT, nibindi. Icyo dukunze guhura nacyo aho umushinga ubera ni transformateur y’amashanyarazi.
Bimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki bijyanye na transformateur birimo: ①Ubushobozi bw'ingufu: bivuze ubushobozi bw'ingufu z ... Urugero, transformateur ya 10KV ifite voltage nyinshi ifite ± 5%, bivuze ko transformateur ishobora gukora ku rugero rutatu rwa voltage: 10.5KV (+ 5%), 10KV (ifite amanota), 9.5KV (-5%). Muri rusange, umubare w'amatapi (aho bategera) ya transformateur iri ku mutwaro ni mwinshi, nko tapi 7 (± 3 × 2.5%) na tapi 9 (± 4 × 2%). Kubera ko guhinduranya tapi bidashoboka kwemezwa neza, transformateur ziri ku mutwaro muri rusange ntizishobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe. ⑦ Umutwaro uhoraho: umutwaro utanga ingufu z'imashini cyangwa ingufu z'ubushyuhe muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Ariko umutwaro urwanya gusa mu mutwaro ukoresha ingufu zikora gusa, nko gushyushya amashanyarazi, itanura ry'amashanyarazi, amatara n'indi mitwaro y'amashanyarazi ni imitwaro ikora gusa. Umutwaro wa moteri zitagira synchronous na moteri zihuza ukoresha ingufu zikora n'imbaraga zikora. Muri zo, igice gitanga ingufu z'imashini ku murimo ni umutwaro uhoraho. Umutwaro ukoreshwa ugomba gutangwa n'ingufu zikora za moteri. ⑧Umutwaro w'ingufu zikora: igice cy'umutwaro w'amashanyarazi udakora. Ingufu zikora zikoreshwa gusa mu mitwaro ikoreshwa. Nka: transformers, moteri, conditioner, firigo, nibindi. Rero mu gihe moteri isohora ingufu zikora, igomba no gutanga ingufu zikora. Iyo ingufu zikora zidashobora kugera ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ingufu za sisitemu ziragabanuka. Kugira ngo ihuze n'ibyo abayikoresha bakeneye, hagomba gushyirwamo icyuma gitanga ingufu zikora kugira ngo ingufu zikora zikomeze kungana kugira ngo urugero rw'amashanyarazi rukomeze kubungabungwa. ⑨ Kubika impanuka: kimwe mu bice bigize ubushobozi bwo kubika muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Kubera ko ibikoresho bitanga ingufu bishobora kugira ibibazo by'igihe gito cyangwa burundu bigira ingaruka ku itangwa ry'amashanyarazi, sisitemu igomba kuba ifite umubare runaka w'ingufu zikora ku buryo bw'impanuka kugira ngo irinde umutekano w'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. ⑩ Gusesa sisitemu: Kugira ngo hirindwe ko sisitemu itakaza intambwe no kwaguka kw'impanuka, izaba yuzuye Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi igabanyijemo sisitemu nyinshi zigenga zitagikora mu buryo bumwe. Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo mu gace zishobora kugira ikibazo cyo kubura amashanyarazi nyuma yo gukuraho amashanyarazi, ndetse no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko n'amashanyarazi, bityo igice cy'umuzigo kigomba gukurwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ko sisitemu yose yangirika.
