Ibikoresho bikoresha insinga zikoreshwa ubu mu gasanduku gakwirakwiza insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi mu gihugu cyacu bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: i Burayi n'i Amerika. Ibikoresho bikoresha insinga bivuga igitekerezo cyo guhuza insinga za sitasiyo zo hanze z'ubwoko bwa box zazanywe mu Burayi mu myaka ya 1980 mu rwego rw'udusanduku tw'amashami y'insinga, naho ibikoresho byo muri Amerika ni igitekerezo cyo guhuza insinga za sitasiyo zo mu bwoko bwa box zishyirwaho intebe zazanywe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu myaka ya 1990. Reba agasanduku gakoresha insinga.
1 Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa European n'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa American
Nta rubibi rugaragara hagati y’ibikoresho byo mu Burayi n’ibyo muri Amerika, kandi uko abantu bo mu nganda zo mu gihugu cyanjye babyumva na byo ntibihuye. Bitandukanye gato mu mikorere no mu giciro, kandi ni ngombwa ko akazi ko guhitamo gasobanura itandukaniro.
1.1 Imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'igikoresho iratandukanye
Imashini zikoresha ibikoresho byo muri Amerika zizengurutswe n'ibice bitatu bya rubber. Igice cy'imbere ni urwego rwo kurinda rubber rwa semi-conductor, urwego rwo hagati ni urwego rw'ingenzi rurinda ubushyuhe, naho igice cyo hanze ni urwego rwo kurinda rubber rwa semi-conductor rufite ubutaka buhoraho, bityo rwitwa ubwoko bw'uburinzi kandi igiciro kiri hejuru gato. Igice cyo hanze cy'igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bw'i Burayi gipfunyitse n'ibice bibiri bya rubber, kandi nta gice cyo hanze cy'ubutaka gihari.
1.2 Igitekerezo cyo guhuza ishami gitandukanye
Ibikoresho byo mu Burayi bikoresha uburyo bwo gufunga amashami, ni ukuvuga ibikoresho byinshi byo mu bwoko bwa T bya silikoni bihuzwa mu buryo bukurikiranye uhereye ku cyerekezo gito cy'ukuboko kugira ngo bikore uruziga rw'ingenzi, kandi amashami akurwa ku kuboko kurekure kwa buri gice cya T. Hari inenge zimwe na zimwe muri ubu buryo bwo gufunga amashami: niba uruziga rw'ishami rya T runaniwe, igice cy'uruhererekane kigomba gufungurwa, kandi igice cya T gifite ikibazo kigomba gukurwaho no kongera guteranywa mbere yuko gikomeza gukora. Iyo gutunganya amakosa birangiye, igice kigomba kongera kugaruka. Biragoye gusenya no kongera gushyira hamwe icyarimwe; uruziga rw'ingenzi rufite imirongo myinshi ihuza, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kuyobora kandi bikagabanya ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu; iyo hari ibice byinshi bihujwe, biragoye kugumana umurongo umwe ugororotse, bigatuma imiyoboro imwe ihinduka kuva ku mwanya usanzwe. Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi z'umurongo n'ubushobozi bwo gukumira amazi bizagabanuka.
Igikoresho cyo muri Amerika gikoresha uburyo bw'ishami rihuza, butuma ishami rihuza amashanyarazi ritsinda intege nke zavuzwe haruguru z'ishami rihuza amashanyarazi. Ishami rihuza amashanyarazi rigomba gushyiraho itsinda ry'igikoresho (cy'ibice bitatu) cyo gukingira amashanyarazi cyitwa "busbar board" ku rukuta rw'agasanduku k'agasanduku, gikora nk'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi. Hari uduce twinshi tw'ubwoko bwa "cone" duhujwe mu buryo buhuza amashami ku gasanduku k'amashanyarazi, hatitawe ku murongo winjira, umurongo usohoka, umurongo w'ishami, nibindi. Insinga zose zihujwe n'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi. Igikoresho cy'imbere cy'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gikozwe mu cyuma gishongeshejweho ifeza, kandi uburyo bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi ni ubw'ukuri, ariko intera y'ibice bitatu ni nini, insinga y'amashanyarazi iragoye kuyihuza, kandi agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gahuza ibice bitatu gatondetse ku murongo kugira ngo uburebure bw'agasanduku bube bunini.
1.3 Ingano y'agace k'ubuso bw'aho umuntu ahurira iratandukanye
Imashini ihuza ubwoko bw'i Burayi yakozwe hakurikijwe DIN47636 isanzwe y'Abadage, kandi imashini ihuza ubwoko bw'inyuma ni nto; imashini ihuza ubwoko bw'inyuma y'Abanyamerika yakozwe hakurikijwe IEEE386 isanzwe y'Abanyamerika, naho imashini ihuza ubwoko bw'inyuma ni nini gato. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'imashini ihuza ubwoko bw'inyuma rizazana itandukaniro ribiri rikurikira:
a) Imbaraga za dielectric zigenda ziyongera mu buryo bwo guhuza hagati y’ibikoresho ziratandukanye. Imbaraga za dielectric zo guhuza ziyongera cyane bitewe n’imbaraga zabyo zo guhuza. Rubber ya silikoni ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika cyane, kandi uko umuvuduko urushaho gukomera, niko imbaraga za dielectric ziyongera. Iyo habayeho taper nini, imbaraga za dielectric zizaba nyinshi kandi imbaraga za dielectric zizaba nyinshi. Kubwibyo, imbaraga za dielectric zo guhuza ziruta iz’i Burayi.
b) Ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kwirinda gusohoka. Uko ibikoresho bihuye neza, ni ko ibikoresho bya rubber birushaho gukandwa, kandi ni ko birushaho kudasohoka neza mu mazi. Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwo gusohoka mu mazi bw'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Amerika burushaho kuba bwiza ugereranyije n'ubw'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa European.
Amahame 4 yo gutandukanya ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bw'i Burayi n'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bw'Abanyamerika
Mu bikoresho bikorerwa mu gihugu, bamwe mu bakora ibikoresho bivanga imiterere y’i Burayi n’iy’Abanyamerika, ibyo bikaba bigoye kubitandukanya. Ibitekerezo bitatu by’ibanze bikurikira bizadufasha gufata ibyemezo:
a) Ukurikije imiterere y'ishami ry'igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gusohokera, ishami rihurirana ni agasanduku k'ishami ry'insinga z'Abanyamerika, naho ishami ry'uruhererekane ni agasanduku k'ishami ry'insinga z'i Burayi.
b) Ukurikije imiterere y’ubushyuhe, igikoresho gifite ibice bitatu bya rubber (urwego rwo kurinda imbere, urwego rukuru rwo kurinda, n’urwego rwo kurinda inyuma) ni icy’Abanyamerika, naho igikoresho gifite ibice bibiri bya rubber (urwego rwo kurinda imbere, urwego rukuru rwo kurinda) ni icy’Abanyaburayi. Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho bikoresha uburyo bwo gutera kugira ngo bitwikire urwego rwa semi-conductive film ku buso bw’inyuma bwa rubber ifite ibice bibiri, kubera ko urwego rworoshye rwo gutwara rushobora kwangirika byoroshye mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho cyangwa kuyikoresha, imikorere yo gufunga ubutaka ntabwo yizewe, kandi ntabwo ishobora gufatwa nk’ubwoko bwo kurinda. Ni igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bw’Abanyaburayi.
c) Ingano y'agace gahuza ubuso bw'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gupima icyuma ntishobora gukoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'ivangura. Kubera ko ingano y'agace gahuza icyuma ari ikibazo cy'ubunini bwa geometrike gusa, ikubiyemo gusa imbaraga z'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kwibira mu mazi. Hatitawe ku bikoresho by'ubushyuhe byo mu Burayi cyangwa muri Amerika, agace gahuza icyuma gashobora gutegurwa hakurikijwe amahame y'Abanyamerika cyangwa amahame y'Abadage, kugira ngo amakaseti y'Abanyamerika n'amakaseti y'Abanyamerika bizagaragare. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho nka cone y'i Burayi, cone y'i Burayi ifite cone y'i Burayi n'cone y'i Burayi ifite cone y'Abanyamerika.
