Uruganda rw'amashanyarazi, nk'ahantu hakorerwa amashanyarazi, akenshi rugomba gukorana n'amashanyarazi. Ku ruganda rwacu, moteri yo mu ruganda igabanyijemo moteri ya 6KV na moteri ya 400V. 6KV switchgear ni ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi by'ingenzi.
Imashini zikoresha ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa cyane mu gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zakire kandi zikwirakwize ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Ntabwo ishobora gushyira igice cy'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi cyangwa umurongo w'amashanyarazi mu bikorwa cyangwa hanze yabyo hakurikijwe ibyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukeneye, ahubwo ishobora no gukuraho vuba igice cyangiritse mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi iyo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi cyangwa umurongo w'amashanyarazi bifite inenge, kugira ngo ikore neza igice cy'amashanyarazi kidafite inenge, ndetse n'umutekano w'ibikoresho n'abakozi bashinzwe kubisana.
Bityo rero, switchgear ifite amashanyarazi menshi ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyane cyo gukwirakwiza, imikorere yayo mu mutekano kandi yizewe y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ifite akamaro kanini cyane.
1. Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibikoresho byo gusimbuza umuriro mwinshi
Dukurikije ubwoko bw'imiterere:
Ubwoko bw'intwaro: buri cyumba gifite icyuma gikingira icyuma kandi gishingiye ku butaka;
(2) Ubwoko bw'intera: buri cyumba gitandukanijwe n'icyapa kimwe cyangwa byinshi by'icyuma;
(3) ubwoko bw'agasanduku: gafite igikonoshwa cy'icyuma, ariko hagati yacyo ni munsi y'ibiri bya mbere;
Dukurikije aho icyuma gihagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi giherereye:
(1) Ubwoko bw'igorofa: icyuma gica urukuta, imodoka yakoreshejwe ubwayo, yinjijwe mu kabati;
(2) ubwoko bwo hagati: ikamyo ikoreshwa n'intoki yashyizwe hagati mu kabati k'imashini:
2. Imiterere y'amashanyarazi menshiicyuma gihinduranya
A: Icyumba cya bisi
B: (Icyumba cyo gufatiramo intoki)
С: Icyumba cy'insinga
D: Icyumba cy'ibikoresho byo kohereza ibikoresho
1. Igikoresho cyorohereza umuvuduko
2. Igikonoshwa
3. Bisi y'ishami
4. Agasanduku k'imodoka zitwara abagenzi
5. Umurongo wa Madamu
6. Igikoresho cyo gukoraho kidahindagurika
7. Agasanduku ko guhamagaraho
8. Transformateur y'amashanyarazi
9. Guhindura icyuma gitera hasi
10. Insinga
11. Uwafashe
12. Bisi yo munsi y'ubutaka
13. Itandukanya ry'ibikoresho byo gupakira no gupakurura
14. Igice (valve)
15. Iplagi ya kabiri
16. Ikamyo ikoresha icyuma gica urukiramende
17. Shyushya icyuma gikuraho ubushuhe
18. Igice gishobora gukurwamo
19. Uburyo bwo gukoresha icyuma gica munsi y'ubutaka
20. Genzura akantu gato k'insinga
21. Icyapa cy'ibanze
3. Guhindura amashanyarazi menshi
Dukurikije uburyo bwo kuzimya umugozi, icyuma gihagarika urujya n'uruza gishobora kugabanywamo:
① Akamashini gakoresha amavuta.
Igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: imashini igabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta menshi n'imashini nto igabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta.
Ni ibintu bihurirana muri peteroli kugira ngo bimeneke, hamwe n'amavuta ya transformer nk'uburyo bwo gufunga.
② Akamashini gatuma umwuka uhagarara neza.
Akamashini gakoresha umwuka ufunze ku muvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo gakureho umuvuduko.
③SF6 circuit breaker.
Akamashini gakoresha umwuka wa SF6 kugira ngo gakureho umurambararo w'uruziga.
④Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi.
Akamashini gahagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi gafite aho kaba karacitse kandi gahujwe mu cyuma gifunganye, kandi umurambararo wacyo ukazimwa mu cyuma gifunganye.
⑤ Imashini igabanya imikorere ya gaze ikomeye.
Akamashini gakoresha ibikoresho bitanga gazi ikomeye kugira ngo kazimye gazi yangiritse bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umurambararo.
⑥ Akamashini gakoresha ingufu za magnetic blow circuit breaker.
Akamashini gatuma umurongo uzunguruka uhuhamo umurambararo w’umu ...
Uruganda rwacu rukoresha uburyo bwo kuzimya imirasire y'umwuka mu buryo bwa vacuum arc.
4. Imyanya itatu y'ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi
Aho imikorere ibera: icyuma gihagarika uruziga gihuzwa n'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Nyuma yo gufunga, amashanyarazi yoherezwa kuva kuri bisi kugera ku murongo w'amashanyarazi binyuze muri icyuma gihagarika uruziga.
Aho igeragezwa ribera: Iplagi ya kabiri ishobora gushyirwa mu gikoresho kugira ngo ubone umuriro.
Akamashini gatanga umurongo w'amashanyarazi gashobora gufungwa, gufungurwa, n'urumuri rw'icyerekezo rujyanye nabyo;
Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi ntaho gahuriye n'ibikoresho by'ibanze kandi gashobora gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye, ariko nta ngaruka kazagira ku ruhande rw'umutwaro, bityo kitwa ahantu ho gupimisha.
Aho ikoreshwa mu kubungabunga: nta kintu na kimwe gihuza icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'ibanze (bisi), imbaraga zo gukoresha zirabura (icyuma cya kabiri cyakuwemo), icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi kiri mu mwanya wo gufungura, naho icyuma cyo hasi kiri mu mwanya wo gufunga.
5. Gukingira gatanu gufunga akabati k'imashini
1, icyuma gihagarika uruziga n'icyuma gihagarika umuyaga biri mu mwanya wo gufungura, igare rikururwa n'amaboko riva aho riherereye/riri mu mwanya wo gupimisha kugira ngo rijye aho rikorera;
2, agakoresho ko gutandukanya uruziga mu mwanya wo gufungura ukuboko kugira ngo kave mu mwanya wo gukora kajye mu mwanya wo gupima/kwishyira ukwako;
3, mu mwanya w'igerageza cyangwa aho bakorera, icyuma gihagarika uruziga gishobora gufungwa;
4, mu mwanya w'igerageza cyangwa aho gukorera nta voltage yo kugenzura, icyuma gihagarika uruziga ntigishobora gufunga, ahubwo gifunguka n'intoki gusa;
5. Iyo imodoka ikoreshwa mu ntoki iri mu mwanya wayo, plagi ya kabiri iba ifunze kandi ntishobora gukururwa;
6, shyira mu mwanya wo gupima/kwishyira mu kato cyangwa wimuwe, hindura hasi kugira ngo ufunge;
7. Nyuma y'uko icyuma gifunga ubutaka gifunze, urugi rushobora gukingurwa;
